Understanding Percontation Punctuation Marks

The percontation mark (also known as the punctus percontativus or  percontation  point) is a late-medieval mark of punctuation (ØŸ) used to signal the close of a rhetorical question. In rhetoric, percontatio is a type of affective (as opposed to information-seeking) question, similar to epiplexis. In The Arte of Rhetoric (1553), Thomas Wilson makes this distinction: We doo aske often-tymes, because we would knowe: we do aske also, because we woulde chide, and sette furthe our grief with more vehemencie, the one is called Interrogatio, the other is percontatio. The percontation mark was used (for a brief period of time) to identify this second type of question. Examples and Observations When punctuation was first invented by Aristophanes, librarian at Alexandria in the 4th century BC, he suggested that readers could use middle ( ·), low (.), and high points (Ë™) to punctuate writing according to the rules of rhetoric. Despite this, it took another two millennia before the eponymous rhetorical question got its own mark of punctuation. Worried that his readers would not catch such a subtle figure of speech, in the late sixteenth century the English printer Henry Denham created the percontation mark—a reversed question mark--to address the problem. . . .Faced with a wave of apathy, use of the percontation mark had petered out within fifty years of its birth. (Keith Houston, 8 Punctuation Marks That Are No Longer Used. Huffington Post, September 24, 2013)The percontation-mark (or punctus percontativus), the standard Arabic question mark, indicated percontations, questions open to any answer or (more loosely) rhetorical questions, in various books of c.1575-c .1625. This usage seems to have been invented by the translator Anthonie Gilbie or his printer Henry Denham (a pioneer of the semi-colon): roman examples appear in their psalms of Dauid (1581), black letter ones in Turbervilles Tragicall Tales (1587). It didnt catch on in print because, being reversed, expensive new type was needed, but was used by scribes including Crane, who worked on Shakespeares First Folio: so how did compositors set percontation-marks present in their copy but not type-cases? One possibility is that italic or black letter question-marks amid roman type record otherwise unsettable percontation-marks. (John Lennard, The Poetry Handbook: A Guide to Reading Poetry for Pleasure and Practical Criticism. Oxford University Press, 2005)[Henry] Denham seems to have been interested in punctuation, since two of the books he published in the 1580s contain another new, but rare symbol, the percontativus . . .. This consists of a reversed, but not inverted, interrogativus an d is used to mark a percontatio, i.e. a rhetorical question, one which does not require an answer. . . . For the most part 16th- and 17th-century authors and compositors either omitted to mark a percontatio, or used the interrogativus, but the percontativus does appear from time to time in the 17th century: for example, in the holographs of Robert Herrick and Thomas Middleton. (M.B. Parkes, Pause and Effect: An Introduction to the History of Punctuation. University of California Press, 1993)

Secrecy in Frankenstein Essay - 999 Words

When a crime is committed, the blame is usually placed on the criminal. This is because a crime cannot take place without a criminal. However, a lawbreaker generally has reasons for his misdeed. For a crime to occur, a criminal must have incentive. Consequently, the causes of a wrongdoer’s motivation are also responsible for the offence. In addition, crimes can be avoided if the proper precautionary measures are taken. Therefore, anyone who could have stopped a crime from happening is partially accountable for it. In Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, a creature created by Victor Frankenstein kills several of Victor’s loved ones. These murders could be blamed on the creature, but he is not solely responsible for them. The root cause of the†¦show more content†¦The enormous difference in the way Victor views the creature before and after its completion shows that he has an altered state of mind while he works on it. As a result of Victor’s secrecy about his creation, he sacrifices his health and happiness to make a creature that disgusts him. Victor endangers people by not warning them about the creature. When Henry Clerval arrives in Ingolstadt, Victor explains his haggard appearance by telling him that he has been too â€Å"deeply engaged in one occupation† (88) to allow himself sufficient rest. He does not tell Henry any details about this occupation because he cannot bear to think about his creature. When Victor invites Henry to his apartment, he â€Å"[dreads] to behold this monster; but [he fears] still more that Henry should see him† (88). This shows that he is more concerned about Henry finding out how he has been spending his time than he is about his own safety. He does not want to tell his secret to his very close friend. For this reason, Victor makes Henry wait at the bottom of the stairs while he checks his apartment for the creature. Shortly after they enter the apartment, Victor becomes ill. His illnes s lasts several months. Since he is the only person who knows about the creature’s existence, there is nobody who can search for it while he is ill. During Victor’s illness, William Frankenstein, his youngest brother, is murdered by the monster. Although theShow MoreRelatedWhy Did I Choose A Passage From Frankenstein?1504 Words   |  7 PagesWhy did I choose a passage from Frankenstein? It is a work which portrays a lot of themes, symbols, motifs and it is contextualized in a period with a lot of changes in the society. In this essay I will explore the many aspects of Frankenstein that influence in the society for its later staging of horror films. Mary Shelley was a British novelist and she was best known for her novel Frankenstein or, The Modern Prometheus; this science-fiction novel was published in 1818 and it was set in 1789 inRead MoreThe Negative Impacts Of Human Nature1453 Words   |  6 PagesImpacts of Human Nature in Frankenstein Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein is a classic dark novel about the scientist Victor Frankenstein who defies the laws of nature, creating a horrifying aberration. This monster later went on to committing horrific deeds and became a destructive force that destroyed the life of his creator. However he was not innately destructive, but is rather an example of the destruction and pain caused by the tendencies of human nature portrayed in Frankenstein. Curiosity, the impetusRead MoreMajor Themes Of Mary Shelleys Frankenstein1077 Words   |  5 PagesMajor Themes of Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein Many have heard of and read the classic novel Frankenstein in high school or maybe just for pleasure reading. Shelley was influenced to write Frankenstein by a discussion about the nature of life and the possibility of creating a creature between her husband and Lord Byron. Shelley used this idea to write a story for a ghost story contest. Frankenstein is full of themes in the novel shown in the character’s lives. Shelley uses the themes of appearancesRead MoreFrankenstein, By Mary Shelley902 Words   |  4 Pageslikely served as an outlet for those thoughts, helping her put things into perspective and not get beyond herself into a state of insanity. In the book’s introduction, we are presented with a quote by Shelley that describes a vision that inspired Frankenstein and her first image of what would eventually become Victor and the monster. â€Å"I saw-with shut eyes, but acute mental vision-I saw the pale student of unhallowed arts kneeling beside the thing he had put together. I saw the hideous phantasm of aRead MoreThe Monster By Mary Shelley1563 Words   |  7 PagesA six foot man created by a montage of flesh and sinew might of been the most terrifying scene that Victor Frankenstein has ever beheld. The monster which is known by many through the well known gothic classic, Frankenstein by Mary Shelley, has a lot to teach us about human nature. The monster was created not as a physical representation, but rather as a deep symbol of Victor Frankenstein. The monster really just lives within Victor, and drives him to the extent of doing things that he may neverRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein1272 Words   |  6 PagesMary Shelley s gothic romance novel Frankenstein (1818) features numerous ideas and concepts that develop over the course of the story through the use of repeated and contrasting eleme nts. The ideas and themes Shelley based the novel on were popular issues in her society at the time of writing. Themes are crucial ideas that are explored throughout a literary work. The themes present in Frankenstein included: dangerous knowledge, sublime nature, monstrosity, secrecy, and texts . Motifs are recurringRead MoreEssay on The Nature of Humanity in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein1358 Words   |  6 PagesThe Nature of Humanity in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein examines the very nature of humanity through the juxtaposition of two characters, Victor Frankenstein and the creature. The curious creature has an innocent desire to learn whereas Victor Frankenstein pursues his blasphemed ambition. The creature has a sincere desire to belong in the human world but he is incapable of properly presenting himself whereas Victor Frankenstein isolates himself from humanity to hide hisRead MoreEnglish Level 2 Achievement Standard Essay3291 Words   |  14 Pagesare my extended texts I have chosen the novel It by Stephen King, and Frankenstein by Mary Shelley. For my short story text I have chose The Tell-Tale heart by Edgar Allen Poe. My film is The Woman In Black directed by James Watkins. As I have studied these texts I have noticed connections throughout and how they intertwine with one-another. My first connection is that secrecy leads to karma. This connection is between Frankenstein and The Tell-Tale heart. This connection isn t one of the predominantRead MoreThe Gothic Elements Of Frankenstein922 Words   |  4 PagesSchroder Honors English IV December 8 2016 The Gothic Elements of Frankenstein Gothic novels are stories written in the gothic genre which is a literature genre of fiction characterized by an atmosphere of mystery and horror. This genre rose to, and flourished in, popularity during the 18th and 19th centuries. One of the most famous novels of this Genre is Frankenstein, also known as the Modern Prometheus, by Mary Shelley. Frankenstein is about a scientist who creates a grotesque sentient monster inRead More Frankenstein as a gothic novel Essay903 Words   |  4 PagesFrankenstein as a gothic novel The gothic tradition highlights the grotesque, relies on mysterious and remote settings, and is intended to evoke fear. All of these are evident in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein, especially in chapter five. The settings in the novel are striking and distinctively gothic. Appropriately, the creature first breathes on a dreary night of November, in a remote laboratory at Ingolstadt. The eerie atmosphere is typical of the gothic tradition. Victor, unafraid

Cloning Essay Research Paper Is cloning necessary free essay sample

Cloning Essay, Research Paper Is cloning necessary for promotions in bettering the quality of life? Is cloning necessary for promotions in bettering the quality of life? Peoples frequently question whether or non we as a scientific state are seeking to play the function of God. Many people say that we should non seek to interfere with nature. That is all right if in mundane life we did non seek to alter our home ground every individual second of every individual twenty-four hours. More than probably at one point and clip the land on which your house sits was covered by a grazing land of forests. That is interference. If we try to clone variety meats for graft patients that are in their concluding hr so we are really bettering their life. If betterment in the quality of life is playing God, so is that needfully a bad thing? Do we have the right to clone? We are all guaranteed rights by the fact that we are human existences. Those rights include the right to prosecute countries of scientific survey. Not many people vocalized his or her disapproval of infinite geographic expedition. At the clip that there was no talk of how morally incorrect Neil Armstrong? s walk on the Moon was traveling to be. They could hold argued the fact we are created on Earth we must remain here and non interfere with things beyond our comprehension. If they did, and the plan did non raise off, so we would non hold some of the engineerings that we have today. Cloning can merely give new engineerings that will be good to society. One misconception that many people have is that this engineering can fall into the # 8220 ; incorrect custodies # 8221 ; . We could non clone a individual of history to be the same individual that he or she was earlier. If we were to make that so it would be near impossible to reproduce the same character. They would wish any other ordinary homo ; they would be conceived, developed, and so born as all other babes. They would hold the same visual aspect and familial make-up as their equal. This does non intend that they would hold the same mental capacity as their old life. There are many things that lead to a human? s personality. Familial make-up does non hold as important function as many believe. Organ cloning is something that would be highly good to society. Imagine the ability to # 8220 ; make # 8221 ; a liver for a kid that has less than a month to populate. In the medical profession the doctrine of every physician is to? better the quality of life? . Is giving a kid a 2nd opportunity bettering the quality of life? Or is it playing God? Imagine if the engineering was available to clone his liver in order to protract his life. In this state there are 1000s of people on waiting lists to have new variety meats that will assist protract their life. Many of these people will decease because there is non a suited giver that matches their demands. Imagine the lives that will be saved if an person can clone their ain liver, or any other organ that is needed to last an unwellness. Equally much as cloning is perceived as a good thing, it could alter life to an full new civilisation. Cloning runs the hazard of making a population that is wholly the same. This population would be susceptible to the same diseases, and one disease could lay waste to the full population. One can easy visualize worlds being wiped out be a individual virus, but more events could happen from a deficiency of familial diverseness. For illustration, if a big per centum of a nation’s cowss are indistinguishable ringers, a individual virus could consequence the full population. The consequence could be big nutrient deficit in the United States. Any research into human cloning would finally necessitate to be tested on homo. The ability to clone worlds may take to the familial tailoring of offspring. The bosom of the cloning argument is concerned with the familial direction of a human embryo before it begins development. It is imaginable that scientists could change a babe # 8217 ; s familial codifications to give the person a certain colour of eyes or familial opposition to certain diseases. This is viewed as inappropriate, some expression at it as playing God. Cloning might be used to make a # 8220 ; perfect homo, # 8221 ; or one with above normal strength and sub-normal intelligence, a familial lower class. Besides, if cloning were perfected in worlds, there would be no familial demand for work forces. As in the book, A Brave New World, they cloned people into categories that made an full society of familial worlds that resembled nil less than an ant-farm. In the Alpha Class the cloning conditioned one to hold a great l ife merely like the queen ant holding 100s protect her. Or in the Epsilon Class being conditioned to believe that being a janitor is a good thing or the equivalent to a worker emmet. They go about their work as if it? s the best work possible. By making the perfect ringer and cognizing the fact that work forces could be eliminated from being is playing God. Cloning might hold a damaging consequence on domestic relationships. A kid born from an grownup DNA cloning of his male parent could be considered a delayed indistinguishable twin of one of his parents. It is unknown as to how a human might respond if he or she knew he or she was an exact extra of an older person. Research workers say that within 5 old ages a pill that will assist prevent malignant neoplastic disease will be introduced on the market. That is great if you do non already hold it. If we find the cistron that has been mutated so we will be able to rectify that, relieving all of the marks of the malignant neoplastic disease. Cloning will alter the face of the planet everlastingly. We should be excited that we are able to double such a complex sequence of cistrons. Whatever you feel is morally right we should let this to go on because if we neer explore the hazards so we can neer bask the benefits. As antecedently stated the infinite geographic expedition yielded many new engineerings that will forever assistance in the bettering of society. We can non go on to forbid the geographic expedition of scientific survey. If this pattern continues so we will non be able to go on to develop promotions in the prolonging of the human species. We can # 8217 ; t enforce a prohibition on cloning, if we do so who is to state that we will non enforce a prohibition on the research that will hopefully one twenty-four hours take to a remedy for malignant neoplastic disease.

Cloning Essay Research Paper Is cloning necessary free essay sample

Cloning Essay, Research Paper Is cloning necessary for promotions in bettering the quality of life? Is cloning necessary for promotions in bettering the quality of life? Peoples frequently question whether or non we as a scientific state are seeking to play the function of God. Many people say that we should non seek to interfere with nature. That is all right if in mundane life we did non seek to alter our home ground every individual second of every individual twenty-four hours. More than probably at one point and clip the land on which your house sits was covered by a grazing land of forests. That is interference. If we try to clone variety meats for graft patients that are in their concluding hr so we are really bettering their life. If betterment in the quality of life is playing God, so is that needfully a bad thing? Do we have the right to clone? We are all guaranteed rights by the fact that we are human existences. Those rights include the right to prosecute countries of scientific survey. Not many people vocalized his or her disapproval of infinite geographic expedition. At the clip that there was no talk of how morally incorrect Neil Armstrong? s walk on the Moon was traveling to be. They could hold argued the fact we are created on Earth we must remain here and non interfere with things beyond our comprehension. If they did, and the plan did non raise off, so we would non hold some of the engineerings that we have today. Cloning can merely give new engineerings that will be good to society. One misconception that many people have is that this engineering can fall into the # 8220 ; incorrect custodies # 8221 ; . We could non clone a individual of history to be the same individual that he or she was earlier. If we were to make that so it would be near impossible to reproduce the same character. They would wish any other ordinary homo ; they would be conceived, developed, and so born as all other babes. They would hold the same visual aspect and familial make-up as their equal. This does non intend that they would hold the same mental capacity as their old life. There are many things that lead to a human? s personality. Familial make-up does non hold as important function as many believe. Organ cloning is something that would be highly good to society. Imagine the ability to # 8220 ; make # 8221 ; a liver for a kid that has less than a month to populate. In the medical profession the doctrine of every physician is to? better the quality of life? . Is giving a kid a 2nd opportunity bettering the quality of life? Or is it playing God? Imagine if the engineering was available to clone his liver in order to protract his life. In this state there are 1000s of people on waiting lists to have new variety meats that will assist protract their life. Many of these people will decease because there is non a suited giver that matches their demands. Imagine the lives that will be saved if an person can clone their ain liver, or any other organ that is needed to last an unwellness. Equally much as cloning is perceived as a good thing, it could alter life to an full new civilisation. Cloning runs the hazard of making a population that is wholly the same. This population would be susceptible to the same diseases, and one disease could lay waste to the full population. One can easy visualize worlds being wiped out be a individual virus, but more events could happen from a deficiency of familial diverseness. For illustration, if a big per centum of a nation’s cowss are indistinguishable ringers, a individual virus could consequence the full population. The consequence could be big nutrient deficit in the United States. Any research into human cloning would finally necessitate to be tested on homo. The ability to clone worlds may take to the familial tailoring of offspring. The bosom of the cloning argument is concerned with the familial direction of a human embryo before it begins development. It is imaginable that scientists could change a babe # 8217 ; s familial codifications to give the person a certain colour of eyes or familial opposition to certain diseases. This is viewed as inappropriate, some expression at it as playing God. Cloning might be used to make a # 8220 ; perfect homo, # 8221 ; or one with above normal strength and sub-normal intelligence, a familial lower class. Besides, if cloning were perfected in worlds, there would be no familial demand for work forces. As in the book, A Brave New World, they cloned people into categories that made an full society of familial worlds that resembled nil less than an ant-farm. In the Alpha Class the cloning conditioned one to hold a great l ife merely like the queen ant holding 100s protect her. Or in the Epsilon Class being conditioned to believe that being a janitor is a good thing or the equivalent to a worker emmet. They go about their work as if it? s the best work possible. By making the perfect ringer and cognizing the fact that work forces could be eliminated from being is playing God. Cloning might hold a damaging consequence on domestic relationships. A kid born from an grownup DNA cloning of his male parent could be considered a delayed indistinguishable twin of one of his parents. It is unknown as to how a human might respond if he or she knew he or she was an exact extra of an older person. Research workers say that within 5 old ages a pill that will assist prevent malignant neoplastic disease will be introduced on the market. That is great if you do non already hold it. If we find the cistron that has been mutated so we will be able to rectify that, relieving all of the marks of the malignant neoplastic disease. Cloning will alter the face of the planet everlastingly. We should be excited that we are able to double such a complex sequence of cistrons. Whatever you feel is morally right we should let this to go on because if we neer explore the hazards so we can neer bask the benefits. As antecedently stated the infinite geographic expedition yielded many new engineerings that will forever assistance in the bettering of society. We can non go on to forbid the geographic expedition of scientific survey. If this pattern continues so we will non be able to go on to develop promotions in the prolonging of the human species. We can # 8217 ; t enforce a prohibition on cloning, if we do so who is to state that we will non enforce a prohibition on the research that will hopefully one twenty-four hours take to a remedy for malignant neoplastic disease.

Cloning Essay Research Paper Is cloning necessary free essay sample

Cloning Essay, Research Paper Is cloning necessary for promotions in bettering the quality of life? Is cloning necessary for promotions in bettering the quality of life? Peoples frequently question whether or non we as a scientific state are seeking to play the function of God. Many people say that we should non seek to interfere with nature. That is all right if in mundane life we did non seek to alter our home ground every individual second of every individual twenty-four hours. More than probably at one point and clip the land on which your house sits was covered by a grazing land of forests. That is interference. If we try to clone variety meats for graft patients that are in their concluding hr so we are really bettering their life. If betterment in the quality of life is playing God, so is that needfully a bad thing? Do we have the right to clone? We are all guaranteed rights by the fact that we are human existences. Those rights include the right to prosecute countries of scientific survey. Not many people vocalized his or her disapproval of infinite geographic expedition. At the clip that there was no talk of how morally incorrect Neil Armstrong? s walk on the Moon was traveling to be. They could hold argued the fact we are created on Earth we must remain here and non interfere with things beyond our comprehension. If they did, and the plan did non raise off, so we would non hold some of the engineerings that we have today. Cloning can merely give new engineerings that will be good to society. One misconception that many people have is that this engineering can fall into the # 8220 ; incorrect custodies # 8221 ; . We could non clone a individual of history to be the same individual that he or she was earlier. If we were to make that so it would be near impossible to reproduce the same character. They would wish any other ordinary homo ; they would be conceived, developed, and so born as all other babes. They would hold the same visual aspect and familial make-up as their equal. This does non intend that they would hold the same mental capacity as their old life. There are many things that lead to a human? s personality. Familial make-up does non hold as important function as many believe. Organ cloning is something that would be highly good to society. Imagine the ability to # 8220 ; make # 8221 ; a liver for a kid that has less than a month to populate. In the medical profession the doctrine of every physician is to? better the quality of life? . Is giving a kid a 2nd opportunity bettering the quality of life? Or is it playing God? Imagine if the engineering was available to clone his liver in order to protract his life. In this state there are 1000s of people on waiting lists to have new variety meats that will assist protract their life. Many of these people will decease because there is non a suited giver that matches their demands. Imagine the lives that will be saved if an person can clone their ain liver, or any other organ that is needed to last an unwellness. Equally much as cloning is perceived as a good thing, it could alter life to an full new civilisation. Cloning runs the hazard of making a population that is wholly the same. This population would be susceptible to the same diseases, and one disease could lay waste to the full population. One can easy visualize worlds being wiped out be a individual virus, but more events could happen from a deficiency of familial diverseness. For illustration, if a big per centum of a nation’s cowss are indistinguishable ringers, a individual virus could consequence the full population. The consequence could be big nutrient deficit in the United States. Any research into human cloning would finally necessitate to be tested on homo. The ability to clone worlds may take to the familial tailoring of offspring. The bosom of the cloning argument is concerned with the familial direction of a human embryo before it begins development. It is imaginable that scientists could change a babe # 8217 ; s familial codifications to give the person a certain colour of eyes or familial opposition to certain diseases. This is viewed as inappropriate, some expression at it as playing God. Cloning might be used to make a # 8220 ; perfect homo, # 8221 ; or one with above normal strength and sub-normal intelligence, a familial lower class. Besides, if cloning were perfected in worlds, there would be no familial demand for work forces. As in the book, A Brave New World, they cloned people into categories that made an full society of familial worlds that resembled nil less than an ant-farm. In the Alpha Class the cloning conditioned one to hold a great l ife merely like the queen ant holding 100s protect her. Or in the Epsilon Class being conditioned to believe that being a janitor is a good thing or the equivalent to a worker emmet. They go about their work as if it? s the best work possible. By making the perfect ringer and cognizing the fact that work forces could be eliminated from being is playing God. Cloning might hold a damaging consequence on domestic relationships. A kid born from an grownup DNA cloning of his male parent could be considered a delayed indistinguishable twin of one of his parents. It is unknown as to how a human might respond if he or she knew he or she was an exact extra of an older person. Research workers say that within 5 old ages a pill that will assist prevent malignant neoplastic disease will be introduced on the market. That is great if you do non already hold it. If we find the cistron that has been mutated so we will be able to rectify that, relieving all of the marks of the malignant neoplastic disease. Cloning will alter the face of the planet everlastingly. We should be excited that we are able to double such a complex sequence of cistrons. Whatever you feel is morally right we should let this to go on because if we neer explore the hazards so we can neer bask the benefits. As antecedently stated the infinite geographic expedition yielded many new engineerings that will forever assistance in the bettering of society. We can non go on to forbid the geographic expedition of scientific survey. If this pattern continues so we will non be able to go on to develop promotions in the prolonging of the human species. We can # 8217 ; t enforce a prohibition on cloning, if we do so who is to state that we will non enforce a prohibition on the research that will hopefully one twenty-four hours take to a remedy for malignant neoplastic disease.